Here are my top things to do after I write a post (in no particular order, but I try to get them done the same night)
1. Keyword Optimisation
2. Interlinking
3. Content Syndication (automatically happens once you connect your RSS feed to LinkedIn or Facebook)
4. Shorten post URLs
5. Ping search engines using Pingomatic
6. Submit post to article directories like IndiVine
7. Comment on related posts on other blogs
8. Social Media Shares
How many of these steps do you follow? Do you have any to add to the list?